Abstract: Large-scale hydropower projects are characterized by long construction durations, large scales, complex engineering technologies, numerous participants, and complex factors affecting project performance. Existing studies on the performance of large-scale hydropower projects are mostly limited to a single stakeholder or specific stages of construction, lacking systematic research on their impact mechanisms. To address this, this study identifies the factors influencing the performance of large-scale hydropower projects through surveys and analyses, and constructs a research model for the performance impact mechanism of large-scale hydropower projects. This model systematically analyzes the interactions among organizational capability, individual capability, project management processes, individual performance, and project performance, reveals the performance impact mechanisms of large-scale hydropower projects, and puts forward corresponding management recommendations. The research findings provide theoretical and practical guidance for the construction and management of subsequent large-scale hydropower projects.